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O leilão do Campo de Libra é o primeiro realizado no Brasil sob regime de partilha, visando conceder áreas de exploração de petróleo e gás natural na região do Pré-sal. Este é um importante marco em nossa economia, porque seus resultados financeiros podem impactar nas finanças públicas e na lucratividade do país.
Como funcionou o leilão?
Feito por meio de consórcio, as empresas deviam apresentar propostas para conseguir a concessão. O vencedor foi o consórcio feito entre as empresas Petrobras (Brasil), Shell (Holanda), Total (França), CNPC e CNOOC (China), único participante, com uma proposta de repasse de 41,65% do excedente em óleo extraído no campo à União. O regime de partilha define que a produção deve ser repartida com o Governo.
Em virtude disso, assim ficou a negociação:
• Petrobras detém 40% das receitas, sendo 10% provenientes do consórcio
• Empresas estrangeiras detêm 60%, devolvendo 41,65% ao governo
• Governo detém 41,65% da produção excedente das empresas estrangeiras
As empresas ainda devem pagar ao governo brasileiro um bônus de R$ 15 bilhões e garantir investimento mínimo de R$ 610 milhões.
Pontos Negativos
Apesar da grande quantia de investimento, este pode não ter sido um bom negócio para o Governo brasileiro, segundo explica o economista da Órama, Alvaro Bandeira. A Petrobras, que enfrenta dificuldades financeiras, mas, mesmo assim, deve investir um montante de R$ 6 bilhões de reais em até um mês a partir do leilão. Além disso, devem ser feitas concessões pela Infraero nos aeroportos do país.
A grande nacionalização dos investimentos no Pré-sal, segundo o economista, é outro ponto negativo, pois afasta os investimentos internacionais nesse setor. Em 35 anos, o Pré-sal deve gerar R$ 270 bilhões em royalties e R$ 736 bilhões em petróleo excedente.
Pontos Positivos
Já falando da parte positiva do leilão, Bandeira destaca que finalmente se inicia uma atuação nesta grande reserva de petróleo. A estimativa de produção do Pré-sal, segundo a Agência Nacional de Petróleo – ANP é de 8 bilhões a 12 bilhões de barris de petróleo, o que representa dois terços da produção atual de todos os campos do país.
Esse novo campo de produtividade atrairá investimentos e novos empregos, bem como deve acelerar políticas do campo social com os rendimentos do petróleo, que serão investidos em saúde e educação – 75% dos royalties serão destinados à educação, enquanto 25% serão destinados à saúde pública.
O grande valor dos investimentos nessa área (estima-se que devem atingir um montante de US$ 500 bilhões de dólares em 12 anos) também serão fonte de equilíbrio das contas públicas e de redução do déficit financeiro do país.
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