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Existem duas maneiras de evitar uma grande saída de dinheiro na hora da cobrança dos impostos: por meio da distribuição de lucros ou via pró-labore. No primeiro, existe a vantagem de que os rendimentos que chegam ao trabalhador são considerados não tributáveis, sendo assim, não se paga mais nada além do que é habitual ao governo.
No caso do pró-labore (remuneração pelo trabalho realizado pelo sócio da empresa), o que é dividido provém do que é investido pelo próprio sócio, incluindo-se os tributos. Ou seja, do valor que receber, ele precisará pagar o Imposto de Renda Pessoa Física (que pode chegar a 27,5%) e recolhimento de INSS (no valor de 20%, de contribuição patronal, e 11% de contribuição do empregado).
Para calcular a divisão dos lucros, o Governo estabelece regras, que envolvem a apuração do lucro da empresa, conseguida pela escrituração contábil mensal. Se a companhia optar apenas pelo livro caixa, com registros de entrada e saída, a distribuição de dividendos é feita pela fórmula de presunção de lucro – variável de acordo com o segmento da empresa.
Ao cálculo de uma empresa no Simples Nacional e comercial, com faturamento de R$ 100 mil, por exemplo, aplica-se uma alíquota de 8% mais os tributos sobre este valor, e o resultado é considerado a presunção de lucro. O restante é que pode ser dividido entre os sócios. Se a empresa faz o cálculo do lucro econômico efetivo, com a escrituração contábil mensal, os valores podem ser bem maiores.
Em todos os casos, a empresa precisa pagar impostos ao Governo pelo Imposto de Renda Pessoa Jurídica (IRPJ) e a Contribuição Social sobre o Luco Líquido (CSLL). Além disso, para que os sócios recebam a distribuição dos lucros, é preciso que a empresa esteja em dia com o Fisco, não tendo dívidas tributárias ou de FGTS, e nem pendências trabalhistas. Nestes casos, é cobrada uma multa de 50% do débito não pago.
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Fonte: Fenacon